What defines the minimum descent altitude (MDA) under standard operations?

The minimum descent altitude (MDA) is specifically defined by the approach procedure being utilized. This altitude is established for each approach to ensure safe descent and visibility conditions during the landing process. It is critical because the MDA represents the lowest altitude to which a pilot can descend without having the required visibility or visual references to continue the approach safely.

Each approach procedure is designed with considerations such as the terrain and obstacles in the area, ensuring pilots have adequate information on safe altitudes. While aircraft type, airport elevation, and operational ceiling can influence various aspects of flight operations, the MDA is strictly tied to the nuances of the approach procedure itself, which detail the minimum safe altitude for that specific approach setup.